What Causes Cancer? Key Risk Factors, Genetics, and Childhood vs. Adult Cancer Explained

What Causes Cancer? Key Risk Factors, Genetics, and Childhood vs. Adult Cancer Explained

🧬 What Is Cancer?


🧾 What Causes Cancer?

  • Lifestyle factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and obesity.
  • Environmental exposures: Exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, and ultraviolet rays from the sun.

🧪 How Is Cancer Diagnosed?

Cancer diagnosis typically involves a combination of methods:

  • Medical history and physical exam: Assessing symptoms and risk factors.
  • Laboratory tests: Blood, urine, or other tests to look for abnormalities.
  • Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, MRI, PET scans to detect tumors.

🧬 What Are the Types of Cancer?

There are over 100 types of cancer, commonly categorized by the organ or tissue where they originate. Some major types include:

  • Carcinoma: Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs.
  • Sarcoma: Cancer that begins in bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.
  • Leukemia: Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced and enter the bloodstream.
  • Lymphoma and myeloma: Cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system.

🛡️ How Can Cancer Be Prevented?

While not all cancers are preventable, certain measures can significantly reduce risk:

  • Avoid tobacco: Smoking is linked to various types of cancer.
  • Healthy diet: Consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Regular exercise: Maintaining a healthy weight and staying active.
  • Limit alcohol: Reducing alcohol intake can lower cancer risk.
  • Sun protection: Using sunscreen and avoiding excessive sun exposure.
  • Vaccinations: Vaccines like HPV and Hepatitis B can prevent certain cancers.
  • Regular screenings: Early detection through screenings can catch cancers early when treatment is more effective.

💊 What Are the Treatment Options for Cancer?

Cancer treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer and may involve one or more of the following:

  • Surgery: Removing the cancerous tumor.
  • Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
  • Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Helping the immune system fight cancer.
  • Targeted therapy: Targeting specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
  • Hormone therapy: Blocking hormones that fuel certain cancers.
  • Stem cell transplant: Restoring blood-forming stem cells in patients who have had theirs destroyed by high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

🧠 Interesting Facts About Cancer

  • Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide.
  • Early detection significantly increases survival rates. For example, early-stage ovarian cancer has a five-year survival rate of over 90%.

Important Links To Know More About Cancer


कैंसर : सामान्य जानकारी



कैंसर कोशिकाओं के डीएनए (DNA) में बदलाव यानी म्यूटेशन (Mutation) की वजह से होता है। ये बदलाव अनुवांशिक (Inherited) भी हो सकते हैं या जीवनशैली व वातावरण से भी हो सकते हैं।
मुख्य कारण:

  • तंबाकू और धूम्रपान (Tobacco & Smoking)
  • अस्वस्थ खानपान व मोटापा (Poor Diet & Obesity)
  • अल्कोहल का अत्यधिक सेवन (Excessive Alcohol)
  • सूरज की UV किरणें और रेडिएशन (Sun & Radiation Exposure)

🧪 कैंसर की पहचान कैसे होती है? (How Is Cancer Diagnosed?)

कैंसर की पहचान कई तरीकों से की जाती है:

  • शारीरिक जांच और इतिहास (Medical History & Physical Exam)
  • ब्लड या यूरीन टेस्ट (Lab Tests)
  • इमेजिंग टेस्ट (X-ray, CT Scan, MRI, PET Scan)

🧬 कैंसर के प्रकार (Types of Cancer)

कैंसर के 100 से भी अधिक प्रकार हैं। प्रमुख श्रेणियाँ:

  • Carcinoma – त्वचा या अंगों की लाइनिंग में शुरू होता है
  • Sarcoma – हड्डी, मांसपेशी, वसा आदि में
  • Leukemia – खून और अस्थि मज्जा (Bone Marrow) में
  • Lymphoma और Myeloma – इम्यून सिस्टम की कोशिकाओं में

🛡️ कैंसर से बचाव कैसे करें? (How Can Cancer Be Prevented?)

कैंसर के कई मामलों को रोका जा सकता है:

  • तंबाकू से दूर रहें
  • स्वस्थ भोजन करें (फल, सब्ज़ियाँ, साबुत अनाज)
  • नियमित व्यायाम करें
  • शराब का सेवन सीमित करें
  • सूर्य की किरणों से बचाव करें
  • टीकाकरण कराएं (HPV, Hepatitis B)

💊 कैंसर का इलाज कैसे होता है? (Cancer Treatment Methods)

इलाज कैंसर के प्रकार और चरण (Stage) पर निर्भर करता है। प्रमुख उपचार विधियाँ:

  • Surgery – ट्यूमर को शारीरिक रूप से हटाना
  • Radiation Therapy – ऊर्जावान किरणों से कैंसर कोशिकाओं को मारना
  • Chemotherapy – दवाओं द्वारा कोशिकाओं को खत्म करना
  • Immunotherapy – शरीर की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मज़बूत करना
  • Targeted Therapy – विशेष अणुओं को निशाना बनाना
  • Hormone Therapy – हार्मोन अवरोधन

🧠 कैंसर से जुड़े रोचक तथ्य (Interesting Facts About Cancer)

  • त्वचा का कैंसर (Skin Cancer) सबसे आम है
  • कैंसर की जल्दी पहचान से बचने की संभावना बहुत बढ़ जाती है

महत्वपूर्ण लिंक


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